Friday, January 18, 2008
BASIC HEMATOLOGYHEMATOLOGY
>>> Hematology encompasses the study of blood cells and coagulation. Included in its corners are analyses of the concentration, structure and function of cells in blood; their precursors in the bone marrow; chemical constituents of plasma or serum intimately linked with blood cell structure & function; and function of platelets and proteins involved in blood coagulation. Increasingly, molecular biological techniques enable the detection of genetic mutations underlying the altered structure and function of cells and proteins that result in hematologic disease.
BLOOD
Blood is d far most frequent body fluid used for analytical purposes.
--The 3 general procedures for obtaining blood:
1. ARTERIAL PUNCTURE
It is use to measure oxygen and carbon dioxide tension, and to measure pH. These blood gas measurements are critical in assessment of oxygenation problems encountered in illness such as pneumonia, pneumonitis, and pulmonary embolism.
2. SKIN PUNCTURE
Skin puncture is the method of choice in pediatric patients, especially infants. The larger amount of blood required for repeated venipuncture may cause ANEMIA, especially in premature infants.
Can be used as a substitute for VENIPUNCTURE, because Venipuncture of deep veins in pediatric patients MAY ALSO RARELY CAUSE: CARDIAC ARREST, HEMMORHAGE, THROMBOSIS, VENOUS CONSTRICTION FOLLOWED BY GANGRENE OF AN EXTREMITY(Gangrene: The death of body tissue due to the loss of blood supply to that tissue, sometimes permitting bacteria to invade it and accelerate its decay. ), Damage to organs or tissues accidentally punctured and INFECTION.
REMINDER: Punctures from CoLd, cyanotic skin result in FALSELY HIGH figures for hemoglobin and cell counts, but ThEse Can Be avoided bY massage before The PuNCtURe until The Skin is PinK and warm.
3. VENOUS PUNCTURE
--- The relative ease of obtaining venous blood makes this a primary source of specimen for clinical laboratory analyses. The Venipuncture is in most instances a relatively simple procedure.
--Hematomas are usually evidence of poor technique or judgement.
Labels: Learning Medical Technology
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